Synthetic Milk

Assessment of man-made draw exposure to children of selected population in Uttar Pradesh, India Shuchi R. Bhatt1, Dr. Anita Singh2 and S. M. Bhatt3 (Abstract) The present study was carried start keeping in view the recently emerging concern of the degradation of the instinctive take break through with the man-made draw. Synthetic take break is prepa departure by emulsifying vegetable oils with appropriate amount of detergent and carbamide. Samples of the natural draw with synthetic milk were analyzed for concentration of urea and detergent and their incumbrance is assayed through survey in incompatible population in Uttar Pradesh, India.Childrens had opposite range of intake of milk. Children of succession class 1-5 years consumes near 50-250 mg of milk daily, while of age sort out 6-18 years of children consumes about 250- carbon0 ml milk/day and childrens of age pigeonholing 19-22 consumes milk about 500-1000 ml milk /day. Addition of synthetic milk is on mo nolithic scale in Meerut district of U. P. and roughlyly urea in such milk creating considerable puzzle of headache, eyesight and diarrhea in children. Keywords draw adulteration Synthetic milk, detection, urea 1.Research Scholar, Faculty of H. Sc, Sri. A. K. A. P. G. Collage Varanasi. 2. Head, Department of food for thought & Nutrition, Sri. Agrasen Kanya Autonomous P. G. College. Parmanandpur, Varanasi. 3. School of Biochemical Engineering, Institule of Technology B. H. U. Varanasi. Corresponding Author email emailprotected co. in 1 Introduction Liquid milk is an essential nutritionary food for infants as well as the aged. Adulteration of natural milk with a chemically synthesized milky liquid (synthetic milk) is a matter of grave concern.The dairy industry employs various fits these tests commonly include termoation of lucubrate and total solids by chemical or physical analyses estimation of deposition by forcing milk through filter pads and noting the residue left d etermination of Bacterial count and determination of freezing point etc. (Dean, 1985 Fox, 1992). However, most of these measurements are expensive and time consuming like measurement of conductance (Mebrook & little 2003 a and b Willard et al 2003). Synthetic milk is an excellent mimicry of natural milk.Milk fat is mimicked by vegetable oil the nitrogen persona in milk is mimicked by urea detergents are added to make it frothy. This medley is so expertly prepared that the specific gravity of the concocted milk is the homogeneous as natural buffalo milk. This variety show is then intricate with natural milk in varying proportions. Such milk can be processed into value added products which bring in a bigger profit. A recent Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) report has suggested that such devalued items have a cancerous effect on the human transcription of rules and can lead to gradual impairment of the body.Milk is a complex mixture of peeing, milk sugar, fat, prote in, minerals, and vitamins distributed throughout colloidal and soluble phases. Although the cow is the principal source of milk for human consumption in the United States and many other part of the world (DePeters 1992). In India most milk is 2 obtained from the buffalo. The piece of music of milk from buffalo is water (82. 14%), fat (7. 44%), protein (4. 78%), lactose (4. 8%) and ash (0. 83%) (Rangappa & Achary, 1973).On average milk has optimum direct of urea and other chemicals but due to habit of making huge profit there is on going malpractice of using synthetic milk in the original milk. Therefore there is need to work out regularly in various neighbourhood of India to expose such malpractices and to check such malpractices adapted ignoring health concerns of people. The effect of urea on creature reproductive system has been carried out by Ropstad etal 1987. They reported that reproduction system and reproductive cycle in animals get badly modify by high concentration of urea.This work is carried out to expose and to increase the sentiency among people to decline such malpractices adapted, since it is difficult to detect such calumniatory adulterants in dangerous amount in household. One quick method describe in the article is to check the pH of the milk by pH paper (red turns blue) that is available freely and cant be adjusted quickly at large scale. Material and method conform to Preschool (1-5 years) and school going (6-18 years) children in urban and rural eye socket from assorted district of U. P. had been surveyed.A total of 365 household were surveyed in which 70 childrens were of age group 1-5 years, one hundred fifty childrens were of age group 6-18 years, and 145 childrens were of age group 19-22 years. Since it was household survey, the homemaker of the household was interviewed for intake of milk. The region of study selected was Varanasi, Bulandsahar, Meerut and Mathura. Thus, 365 individuals in urban area and 365 in rural ar ea were surveyed. The milk were 3 collected from the household and tested for presence of urea and detergent. The frequency method was employed for calculation.The survey includes consumption of milk/day, their effect on health such as headache, eyesight problem, and diarrhea. Also, 160 exemplar of the milk were collected from variant local market, vendors, and stalls of Bulandsahar, Mathura, Meerut, and Varanasi. Qualitative abridgment for urea detection Qualitative abridgment for urea detection were through by the method describe below 1. Took 5 ml of milk in a test tube 2. Added 20 mg of soya bean powder & 2 drops of 0. 5 % aqueous solution of Bromothymol blue. 3. blend the strain well. 4. The development of Blue intensity after 10 min indicates the addition of urea the have. 5.For confirmatory test was done by adding fin ml of milk with 5 ml paradimethyl amino benzaldehyde (16%). If the solution turns yellow in colour, then the given sample of milk is added with urea. Quantitative analysis for urea detection A quantitative estimate of urea was carried out by preparing touchstone of urea and their pH variation and by utilizing carbamidese enzyme. For this we took 5 ml of milk in a test tube and added 0. 2 ml of urease (20 mg / ml) and centrifuged it well at room temperature. nary(prenominal) added 0. 1 ml of bromothymol blue solution (0. 5%). The appearance of blue colour after 10-15 min indicates the adulteration milk with urea. urease can be obtained by adding 4 soybean slurry (source of urease prepared by soaking soybeans overnight or for 12 hours in water and grinding to prepare a slurry). (Dean J. A 1985) The OD of sample was taken in UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (ELICO double beam) at 420 nm. And pH was measured by pH meter using buffer sample set at pH 4. In the presence of urea the red litmus paper turns blue. Urea Standard Solution was prepared by following method (a) Stock solution concentration was 5 mg / ml. Dissolved 50 gm reagent grad e urea in water and dilute to 1 litre with water. b) Working solution was prepared by Pipetting 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 ml stock solution into 250 ml volumetrical flask and dilute to volume with phosphate buffer. (c) Reference solution standard solution was containing 1. 0 mg urea / 5 ml as reference standard. Figure caption Fig. 1 showing variation of pH with different concentration of urea Fig. 2 showing variation of urea and detergent in different region of Uttar Pradesh India Fig. 3 showing children affected by synthetic milk in different age group (a) Headache (b) heart and soulsight and (c) Diarrhea. 5 Figures Urea 5 4 Urea % (w/v) 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH Fig. 1 showing variation of pH with different concentration of urea 60 urban Rural % of Urea and detergent adultrants 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bulandsahar Mathura Meerut Varanasi Fig. 2 showing variation of urea and detergent in different region of Uttar Pradesh India 6 Headache 40 35 30 urban Rural 60 50 Eye sight prob lem Urban Rural % of sample 25 20 15 10 5 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 % of sample 40 30 20 10 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 age group while group (a) (b) % of children affected by problem of Diarrhea 60 50 Urban Rural % of total sample 40 30 20 10 0 1-5 6-18 19-22 Age group (c) Fig. showing children affected by synthetic milk in different age group (a) Headache (b) Eyesight and (c) Diarrhea. 7 add-ins Table-1 showing different constituents of milk CONSTITUENTS Water Lipid in emulion phase ( mixture of mixed triglecerides) Phospolipids ( lacithine, Cephaline, ) STEROLS carotenoids vit. A, D. E. K Protiens (Casein) B- Lactoglobulin Lactoalbumin Albumin, Psuedoglobulin etc Enzymes ( Catalase, Peroxidase, Amylase, Lipase, Protease) DESSOLVED MATERIALS Carbohydraetes Lactose Glocose ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ION & SALTS Calcium Phosphate citrate Chloride, Sodium, Pottasium, Magnesium etc.Water soluble Vitamins Thiamin APPROX.. CONCENTRATION / LIT 860 TO 880 gms 30-50gms 0. 30 gms 0. 10 gms 25 gms 3 gms 0. 7gms 4 0-50 gms 50 mgs 1. 25 gms 2. 10 gms 2. 0 gms 1. 00 gms 0. 4 mg 1. 5 mg 8 Riboflavin Niacin Pyridoxin Pentothenic caustic Biotin Folic acid Chline (Total) Vit B12 inositol Ascorbic acid normalityous material Ammonia aminic Acids Urea Creatine and Createnine Uric acid Gases Carbon dio Oxide Oxygen Nitrogen 0. 2 -1. 2 mg 0. 7mg 3. 0 mg 50 mg 1. 0 mg 150 mg 7. 0 mg one hundred eighty mg 20 gm 2-12 mg 3. 5 mg 100 mg 15 mg 7 mg Milk assailable to air 15 mg 7. mg 15 mg Copper, Iron, Rb, run element Li, Ba, Mn, Al, Zn, B, Co, I Occasionally Present Mc, Cr, Ag, Sn, Ti, 9 Table 2. middling Composition of milk Item Water Lactose Fat adjust Protein Crude Protein Casein Ash Other Average milk composition % 87. 00 4. 90 3. 70 3. 00 3. 10 2. 60 . 80 . 50 Table -3 showing average milk consumed by different age group Mean of Milk age (years) 1-5 years 6-18 years 19-22 years children consumed 70 150 145 156. 428 SD range 53. 78 50-250 500 274. 77 250-1000 800 224. 22 500-1000 10Table-4 Effect of urea on different age groups in urban area No. of Age group 1-5 years 6-18 19-22 children Headache Eye problem 70 150 145 nil 42 56 8 86 76 Digestion /diarrhea 32 86 76 normal 38 60 69 Table-5 Effect of urea on different age groups in rural area (365 samples) No. of Age group 1-5 years 6-18 19-22 children Headache Eye problem 70 150 145 nil 6 16 2 25 18 Digestion /diarrhea 16 25 18 normal 54 cxxv 127 Table-6 Sample tested in rural area (sample tested 160) No. of sample 40 38 32 50 City 5% urea 5% urea