Tissue Culture Technique for Callus Induction

Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, nary(prenominal) 1, 2007 * Department of full treatment Breeding and Genetics, NWFP verdant University, Peshawar Pakistan. ** Agricultural Biotechnology bring, case Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad Pakistan. TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR CALLUS evocation IN RICE Hidayat Ullah*, Iltaf Ullah*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon* and Hamid Rashid** ABSTRACT Seeds of two sift varieties Basmati-370 and Basmati-385 were evaluated for invitro c everyousness abstraction at Agricultural Biotechnology name in bailiwick Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad during 2001-02, using M.S and N6 media supplemented with 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxi acetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at 2. 0, 2. 5 and 0. 1, 0. 5 mgl-1 one by one. Objective of our nurture is to know the actual occasion for seed sterilization and to provide a well-adopted technique for c all in allosity facility in these varieties by using M. S and N6 media along with contrary concentr ations of ripening hormones. Seeds were apply as ex sow quotation and to avoid chance of taint sodium hypochlorite and neutral spirits at the rate of 50% and 70% were apply respectively.Best resolution toward insensibility instauration were observed for Bas-385 on both MS and N6 media however N6 media was proved to be best. Calli obtained from Bas-385 were friable and vigorous as equivalence to Bas-370. Bas-370 move moderately on MS and N6 media at various crews of 2,4-D and BAP. Bas-370 on MS media supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP 2. 0 and 0. 1 mgl-1 gave slap-up performance towards indurate induction. Over all results indicated that best callousness were induced on MS and N6 when supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP 2. 0 and 0. 0 mgl-1 for variety Bas-385. INTRODUCTION In Pakistan sieve is the second leading arrange after wheat.In 2000-2001, the world annual production of sieve was 598 million tones (FAO 2002). Asia is the largest producer of rice, with Bangladesh, Ch ina, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnams as the leading rice producing nations. In Pakistan rice covered an playing area of 2. 52 million ha, with the production of 5. 16 million tones in 1999-2000. It besides play important role in our national economy. During 1999-2000 somewhatwhat 1. 92 million tones of rice was exported and earn about 465. 8 million US$. Rice is susceptible to a range of diseases and pests, which annually destroy about 55 percent of rice crops. The near common diseases are caused by he fungi sheath blight and rice blast, and the stalk rock drill is a common insect pest. Rice is composed of essential pabulum components, therefore more than two billions people in the globe enumerate on rice for more than half of the proteins and calories they consume (Khan et al. 2000). Due to its change magnitude importance in nutrition and economy, it is now felt that new varieties of rice, having good agronomic characters, should be evolved. Crop improvement through w ith(predicate) thread floriculture techniques is easier and more often in use as compared to conventional graft breeding (Yamada, 1986). Somaclonal regenerations commonly ppear after tissue culture, which involve a callus stage (Larkin and Scow Croft 1981). callousness is un disparateiated mass of rapidly proliferating cubicles, can be obtained by culturing explants source (seed, node, bud, leaves, meristem and root tips etc) on nutrient moderate containing ad hoc growth governors along with a standard recipe of chemicals. Rashid et al. (2000) studied that rice seeds have more potential for callogenesis as compared to node or tip. productive callus induction from rice seed has been reported by some(prenominal) questioners (Gonalz 2000 Navraj et al. 1999 Marrassi 1996 Valdez et al. 1997 Xie et al. 995). But an improved method for callogenesis was reported by Rashid et al. 2000). The present study is based on tissue culture techniques carried out in ABI testing ground for callus induction in rice varieties viz. Basmati-370 and Basmati-385. Two types of lowly media M. S (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and N6 (Nitsch and Nitsch, 1969) supplemented with 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) alone or in combination with different concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) were used for callus induction. Hidayat Ullah, et al. wander culture techniques for callus induction in rice. 82 MATERIALS AND METHODSThe research work for callus induction in rice was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Institute in National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, during 2001-02. The procedure of this research work has been divided in the by-line four main categories. excavate Sterilization of Rice Seeds Seeds of Basmati-370 and Basmati-385 were provided by rice programmed, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (ABI), National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad, and it was taken as explant source for callus induction. H ealthy and mature seeds were selected by hysical appearance and they were dehusked manually. Seeds were first serve with detergent and then rinsed three eons with simple tap water. For push through sterilization of seeds Clorox (5. 25% sodium hypochlorite) and ethanol was applied. After the applications of Clorox and ethanol seeds were rinsed thrice with autoclaved distilled water. Finally the seeds were dried with autoclaved filter paper, and they were shifted carefully to the culture room of Agricultural Biotechnology Institute. Basal Media Preparation M. S and N6 basal media were used for callus initiation. These media were prepared according to he ingredients ( parry I). The exact amount of nutrients was dissolved in the distilled water. Two types of growth regulators 2,4-D alone or in combination with BAP was used for callus induction. 2,4-D 2. 0 and 2. 5 mg l-1 and BAP 0. 0, 0. 1, 0. 5 mg l-1 respectively was added in the media. sucrose at the rate of 3% and agar at the rate of 0. 7% was to a fault added in the media. PH of the media was adjusted at 5. 78-5. 80 with the help of PH-meter. M. S. and N6 media were poured into the test tubes, it was plugged properly and autoclaved at 20 lbs pressure for 15 minutes in the autoclave machine.Inoculation of Sterilized Seeds The most important step in tissue culture technique is the inoculation of seeds. This operation was performed in the laminar flow cabinet at the culture room of ABI. Before the operation surface sterilization of the laminar flow unit was carried by UV-light for two minutes. After that hands were disinfected with 75% ethanol to prevent chance of contamination. Dried seeds were then inoculated into test tubes under antiseptic condition in laminar flow unit. To minimize chance of contagion the instruments were dipped in disinfectant after every operation. Growth ChamberInoculated cultures were incubated at 253? C under the influence of 2000-lux light enthusiasm for 16 hours photoperiod. Callus induction of rice seeds were observed after 21- days. The information for callus induction oftenness were recorded for two rice varieties on two different media with different concentrations of growth regulators. Table I base of MS and N6 media Macronutrients KNO3 1900 2830 NH4NO3 1650 0 CaCl2. 2H2O 440 166 MgSO4 370 90. 37 KH2PO4 170 400 (NH4)2 SO4 463 Micronutrients MnSO4. H2O 16. 9 3. 33 H3BO3 6. 2 1. 6 KI 0. 83 0. 80 ZnSO4. 4H2O 8. 6 ZnSO4. 7H2O 1. 5 NaMoO4. 2H2O 0. 5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0. 025 CoCl2. 6H2O 0. 025 Iron source FeSO4. 7H2O 27. 85 27. 85 NaEDTA 37. 25 37. 25 Vitamins Myoinositol 100 Nicotinic Acid 0. 5 0. 5 Pyridoxine HCl 0. 5 0. 5 Thiamine HCl 0. 1 1. 0 Glycine 2. 0 Sucrose 30g 30g Agar 7g 7g RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results obtained from tissue culture techniques of Bas-370 and Bas-385 performed in ABI laboratory and repeated three times from 10th February to Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 1, 2007 83 October 2001. Chance of contamination was much low when both the varieties were treated with 50% Clorox and 70% ethanol. Oono (1981) in like manner used eeds as explants source for rice callus induction. The main accusing of our study is to know the actual procedure for seed sterilization and callogenesis in these cultivars. The potential of both varieties for callus induction was observed significantly different on M. S and N6 media at different concentrations of growth regulators. It is noteworthy that N6 and M. S media, which proved to be optimum for the growth of callus, were unable to support cell growth in liquid media. Callus induced from both the varieties were different at various level of 2,4-D and BAP. Maximum callus formation (62. 5%) was recorded or Bas-385, followed by Bas-370 (55. 55%) when seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,emailprotected 0 mgl-1 and 2mgl-1 2,4-D+0. 1mgl-1 BAP respectively (Table II and IV). Lowest callus of 41. 66 % was observed each for Bas-370 and Bas-385 when MS medium is supplemen ted with 2. 5 and 0. 5 mgl-1 of 2,4-D and BAP respectively. It is unmortgaged that potential of Bas-385 towards callogenesis was higher than Bas-370. comed across MS media callus induction frequence was 48. 14 % for BAS-370 vs 53. 22 % for BAS-385 (Fig 2). This is identical to the net reduction of 5. 08 % for BAS-370. Growth regulator 2,4-D at he rate of 2mgl-1 was suggested and proved to be best for callus induction in both the varieties. Using N6 media callus induction relative frequency ranged from 20. 83 to 68. 05% for both the varieties. When 2,emailprotected was supplemented with N6 media, produced highest and good quality callus from Bas-385 (68. 05%) and minimum (20. 83%) from Bas-370 (Table III and IV). This result indicated positive correlation between 2,4-D and Bas-385 and negative for Bas-370. Average across N6 media callus induction frequency was 23. 6 % for Bas-370 vs 60. 64 % for Bas-385 (Fig. 3). This is equivalent to the net reduction of 7. 2 % for BAS- 370. Ca lli obtained from both the varieties were friable, granular, and yellow in color. So it was proved that N6 media is expose for callus induction of rice as compared to M. S medium. Overall result of BAS-385 was best on various concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP on both, MS and N6 media. Callus form Bas-385 was healthy and more fleshy as compare to Bas-370 (Figure 1). The active division of cells was more prominent in the callus of Bas-385, thats why it looks bulky. Secondly Bas-385 had more capacity for producing callus, especially when N6 media supplemented with 2,4- emailprotectedAgronomic features of Bas-385 are also better than Bas-370 because it is developed through hybridization between Bas-370 and TN-1. Callus induction must be dependent on the genetic potentials of the variety and secondly the combination of hormones at different concentration. Callus induction is the best focusing to create somaclonal variations in crop plants. Variations are the basis for improvement and so me time this variation is heritable. Oono (1981) cultured seed explants of rice varieties and observed variation for certain agronomic characters that are also heritable. Once cultured techniques were stablished in rice, it become possible to apply them for callus regeneration and transformation. (b) Calli obtained from Bas-385 (a) Calli Obtained form Bas-370 Hidayat Ullah, et al. Tissue culture techniques for callus induction in rice. 84 Table II Percentage callus induction frequency and contamination in Bas-370 on M. S Medium Treatments Sterilizing agents Clorox time/Ethano l time (min) internal secretion in mg L-1 Of inoculated test tubes % Contamination % Callus induction frequency % Clorox % Ethanol 2,4-D BAP 1 50 70 20/1. 0 2. 0 0. 0 72 58. 33% 20. 83% 2 50 70 20/2. 0 2. 0 0. 1 72 73. 61% 22. 22% 50 70 20/4. 0 2. 5 0. 5 72 52. 77% 27. 77% Table III Percentage callus induction frequency and contamination in Bas-370 on N6 Medium. Treatments Sterilizing agents Clorox time/Ethan o l time (min) Hormone used in mg L-1 Of inoculated test tubes % Contami nation % Callus induction frequency % Clorox % Ethanol 2,4-D BAP % Clorox 1 50 70 20/1. 0 2. 0 0. 0 72 1 50 2 50 70 20/2. 0 2. 0 0. 1 72 2 50 3 50 70 20/4. 0 2. 5 0. 5 72 3 50 Table IV Percentage callus induction frequency and contamination in Bas-385 on M. S Medium. Treatments Sterilizing agents Clorox /Ethanol time (min) Hormone used in mg L-1 Of inoculated test tubes % Contami nation % Callus induction % Clorox % Ethanol 2,4-D BAP % Clorox 1 50 70 20/1. 0 2. 0 0. 0 72 1 50 2 50 70 20/2. 0 2. 0 0. 1 72 2 50 3 50 70 20/4. 0 2. 5 0. 5 72 3 50 Table V. Percentage callus induction frequency and contamination in Bas-385 on N6 Medium Treatments Sterilizing agents Clorox/Etha nol time (min) Hormone used in mg L-1 Of inoculated test tubes % Contami nation % Callus induction frequency % Clorox % Ethanol 2,4-D BAP % Clorox 1 50 70 20/1. 0 2. 0 0. 0 72 1 50 2 50 70 20/2. 0 2. 0 0. 1 72 2 50 3 50 70 20/4. 0 2. 5 0. 5 7 2 3 50 Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 3, No. 1, 2007 85 20. 83 62. 5 22. 22 55. 5 27. 77 41. 66 0 20 40 60 80 Bas-370 Bas-385 Varieties Callus induction freq (%) 2,4-D&emailprotected 0&0. 0 2,4-D&emailprotected 0&0. 1 2,4-D&emailprotected 5&0. 5 47. 22 68. 05 55. 55 61. 11 41. 66 52. 77 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Bas-370 Bas-385 Varieties Callus induction freq (%) 2,4-D&emailprotected 0&0. 0 2,4-D&emailprotected 0&0. 1 2,4-D&emailprotected 5&0. 5 Fig. 2. Callus induction frequency (%) of Bas-370 and Bas-385 on M. S media at different level of 2,4-D and BAP. Fig. 3. Callus induction frequency (%) of Bas-370 and Bas-385 on N6 media at different level of 2,4-D and BAP. Hidayat Ullah, et al.Tissue culture techniques for callus induction in rice. 86 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Infections of the callus is main fuss in tissue culture technique so we should adopt the following precautions. 1. We should sterilize the seeds in 50% hypochlorite solution for 20 minutes and all the apparatus like flask s, petri plates, blades and forceps etc. should be disinfectant with 70% ethanol. Media should be prepared accurately with respect to concentrations and PH of the media must be maintain properly. Exact amount of growth hormones must be added. 2. Seeds of Bas-370 on MS media with combination 2. and 0. 1mgl-1 should be used to get maximum callus, while hormonal combination 2,4-D and BAP 2. 0 and 0. 0 mg l-1 should be used for better callus induction of Bas-385 on N6 media. 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