Corruption in US Government Essay -- American Government

The story of the founding of the United States is a story nearly every United States citizen understands at the very least(prenominal) a rough version of. The story of how a group of patriots overthrew stand British power who were invading their rights to privacy, taxing them unfairly, and overall not good-looking the colonials a square deal. This story gives Americans pride in their identity and organization. It also serves to legitimize the current US Government, for the current officials detect the same Constitution set up by those Patriots who fought the British. However, since the founding of the US Government there ready been numerous cases in which the government has betrayed its spate and committed turpitude. When the media finds out about such a corrupt act, largely a scapegoat bears the entirety of the blame. In this paper I bequeath argue that this is wrong, and in reality corruption occurs on several different levels and is carried out by multiple people. One o f the examples of US government corruption that had a major meeting on the American people is oftentimes overlooked. Fred Hampton, a leader in the Black Panther Party during the new 1960s was deliberately and brutally murdered by the US government on December 4, 1969. This act not only infringed on his rights in the worst possible way, it also had an immeasurable impact on the gain ground of African Americans in American society. Hampton was a rising leader in spite of appearance the the Civil Rights Movement, and at the young age of 22 had a attractor of potential. There is no way for us to know exactly what his impact would have been had he been able to live his life to its immanent death, but we can be sure that he had great skills and worked heavy when it came to the advancement of the African American... ...ntative democracy, which means that the people govern through representatives. When the common has no way to know the full truth of which representatives have been legitimate to the will of the people, then we lose the democracy. It is admittedly easier to simply choose a single person to cast the full blame of corruption on an individual. However, it is not a practical way to allow the public to govern. They have a right to the truth and both the media and the government have province to see this right is fulfilled. Works CitedHampton, Fred, Mike Gray, and Howard Alk. The Murder of Fred Hampton. Chicago, Ill Facets Video, 2007.Krakauer, Jon. Where workforce Win Glory The Odyssey of Pat Tillman. New York Doubleday, 2009. Print.Lardner, Richard. Retired Three Star ecumenic Kensinger Censured in Cover Up after Tillman Death. Associated Press (2007) Web.

Disease Research

The ten leading suit of clothess of last in the unite States of America as of 2005 are heart diseases, malignant neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, unintentional disease, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, Alzheimers disease, nephritis and nephrosis, septicemia, intentional self-harm. I preferred diabetes mellitus because I think this mental of disease should be given much emphasis and attention from the government. Diabetes mellitus is a type of disease in the pancreatic area.In this disease, the pancreas does not properly grow insulin. When the body cannot generate enough insulin, hyperglycemia and different related disorders leave behind occur in our metabolism. Diabetes can cause harm in other body organs when complications will a spread out. First of all, it causes damage to the kidneys which are responsible for(p) for the absorption of waste products in our body. Damaged kidneys then causes the end wooden leg renal disease in which the kidneys are destroyed mutely. This then causes the nephrons to wane which leads to other diseases such as hepatitis to arise.When this happens, the person now has two or more diseases to worry approximately. Today, it is estimated that 20. 8 million Americans suffer from diabetes. Out of this 20. 8 million Americans, 6. 2 million are undiagnosed. When diabetes goes unnoticed, prevention and early word would be impossible. If diabetes is not treated properly, it will then lead to spartan complications as mentioned earlier. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the disease will rise to more than 50% in the next 10 years if ignored.According to the United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2005, Overall, the risk for death among good deal with diabetes is almost twice that of tribe without diabetes of similar age. (Centers for Disease control condition and Prevention & vitamin A American Diabetes Association, 2005) One major cause of diabetes is an indi viduals diet. Since in the United States most follow the Western-style diet in which almost everything is afters (having lots of sugar in it), it is suggested that people should watch their diet more. However, in that location is little understanding of the mechanisms in diabetes at present.Unwatched diet may cause obesity which then causes some organs to become larger and cannot righteousness properly (Giurini, Cook, & Cook, 2007). Thus, the government must pay their attention on funding research on diabetes because first, more than 20 million people in the US suffer diabetes at present and will affix in the next 10 years second most people do not know that they have diabetes and third, diabetes causes complications and even death when not treated properly and continued unnoticed. People should be well-informed about diabetes so that they will know how to diagnose, prevent, and treat diabetes.ReferenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, & American Diabetes Associa tion. (2005). United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved. from.Giurini, J. M., Cook, E. A., & Cook, J. J. (2007). Diabetes the in vogue(p) trends in glycemic control. Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 24(2), 159-189. 

How William Shatner Changed the World

The docudrama How William Shatner Changed the World is closely the global effect that the original series of brainiac Trek had on applied science throughout the world. The documentary talks about the technology that shortly existed when Star Trek originally came out in 1966 and its comparison to the futuristic technology that was onboard the Star Trek ship the Enterprise. This futuristic technology onboard the enterprise sparked a variation in the worlds technology and inspired galore(postnominal) to make technology corresponding to the ones on Star Trek.Many film techniques are apply in this documentary not only to make the documentary fire, but humourous as well. Some of these film techniques include various camera shots, archival footage and montages to severalize a few. In the beginning of the documentary, William Shatner is talking and is driving his political machine and whilst he is driving it there are many jump shots between his car and segments of Star Trek. The effect of this gives you insight of what the documentary is mainly about.In this documentary many inventors make an appearance in the documentary and talk about how Star Trek inspired them to invent their technology e. g. Martin Cooper who was the inventor of the booth phone the shots used when all of them are talking are mediocre shots that enthrall their face and upper torso. This gives off the feeling that the people olfaction close and also so that the camera men can capture them using arm gestures. The use of archival footage is used a skunk throughout this documentary showing mainly clips of Star Trek relating to the outlet that William Shatner is narrating about.This makes it easy to show what the futuristic technology Star Trek had at the metre so we can see and compare it to todays modern technology that we acknowledge for granted. One of the more interesting film techniques that was used in the documentary was a segue which was used when William Shatner walked up t o a giant rock, so an edit was used to show archival footage of him as an younger sham in a Star Trek episode fighting an alien, and as an alien throws the rock, the current William Shatner comes back into view and catches the rock.This use of one base being the rock used in two scenes to link each(prenominal) other is a slightly humourous segue. Other film techniques used in this documentary are camera angles where William Shatner deliberately moves the camera up and down making him look slightly different from both angles. edit is also used throughout the documentary a lot for pillow slip when William Shatner was narrating and the camera was upon him, jump cuts are used switching to different shots of him worry close ups, long shots and crane shots.This editing makes William Shatners narration more interesting and funny. How William Shatner Changed the World is an example of a great documentary that uses its film techniques sagely and with nifty timing, not to mention the documentary has a very good context that appeals to many viewers because of its witty humour.

Diathesis Stress Model

Diathesis- This is the genetic predisposition which the Genain children expressed through their father. Mr. Genain had various fears and obsessions much(prenominal) as patrolling the house because he was worried of a break in, forms of paranoia. Since paranoia is a symptom of schizophrenia it is likely that Mr. Genain was schizophrenic and he passed this gene onto the children. later on, his actions created stress that triggered the schizophrenia in his children. Stress Nora and Myra were considered the more than superior dance band of twins and therefore were able to function better than Iris and Hester.This categorization is probably one of the first stressors that caused Iris and Hester to suffer the worst from the disorder. A stress that affected all of the children and helped trigger the disorder was Mr. Genains crush on watching the girls dress and undress. Furthermore, his molestation of two of the girls made them more likely to develop schizophrenia. Part of the reason Nora was not as winning as Myra was because she was her fathers favorite sexual target which added more stress to her life.Another stressor that hurt Iris and Hester was when their parents had their clitoriss were circumcised. Also, since Iris, Nora, and Myra began deteriorating subsequently a man made improper advances this proves that stress played a prominent role in the signaling of schizophrenia. Myra was able to be the just about functioning individual because she was her parents favorite and received the to the lowest degree objectionable attention, and therefore had the least amount of stress in her life.

Description of business Essay

This entrepreneur know out be opening a brisk crinkle which go out manoeuver as a sole trader. The name of this teleph unrivaled circuit is CJs Seafood joint.CJs Seafood joint provide operate under the logo Come cast a mouthful of flavor. Operating as a sole trader would humble that the entrepreneur would charter exclusively the descions himself but would as well as countenance to carry the responsibilities for himself.The main aim of the backing enterprise is to have every node who comes comes through our doors impressed by CJs and leave be insane to come again,also to create and maintain a surrounding that is comprehensive and special in its attention to every detail of consummation.The entrepreneur also wishes to interpret a friendly, cooperative and rewarding environment which encourages longterm, satisfying, egress employment.To keep the theory fresh,exciting and on the cutting edge of the hospitality industry.The task volition be cap adequate on week days 800 am to 1030pm,weekends,900 am to 1130 pm also on public holidays. CJs is opened to a variety of different persons and age groups.It would be coveinienient to persons who ar on the job(p)(a) long hours and so does non have the time to prep are a proper meal or even a family who is just feeling for somewhere nice and beautiful to have dinner.CJs go forth also serve an as accommodation for catering at dinners,weddings and any other events.Justification of locationCJs seafood joint will be loctated in Kingston at Anns Bay near the sea.The handicraft will do exceptionally well at this location because of its proximity from the sea.Being laid near the sea would mean that the novel materials chooseed for the running of the transaction would cost less property to transport the raw materials to the origin.Also the business will have a dependable source of material this means there will never be a scarcity in turnout.Secondly, brink scenery would also serve as an attr action for both topical anaesthetic and international customers,especially the tourist from which foreign exchange would be gained which means to a greater extent profits for the business.A beautiful beach scenery would provide a relaxed and quieten environment which would entise the customers into returning again and having a god reputation would mean more customers thus more profits.Selection of appropriate labourFor this business to be ran outputively,the entrepreneur will need to employ both practiced and good workers.The skilled workers in this business will consist of devil Chefs and one executive chef.These persons will be incharge of the preparation and meal plan of all the sophisticated menus and introducing new ideas which will motivate the customers in returning.2 Bartenders.These persons would be incharge of making refresging beverages and liquors according to the customers preference.The business will also need 5 Cashiers.They will be incharge of the money made on a chance(a) basis and will play a part in the monitoring of the businesss financial transactions and data.In this business the unskilled are just as important as the skilled workers as they play a rattling role in the successful running of the business.The skilled will consist of10 Janitors.They will be incharge of the proper maintenance and sanitation of the premises which will give the business a good reputation for its emmaculate maintenance . 4 waiters and 4 waitresses. They will be responsible for satisfying the customers requirements and should try to satisfy all of them with no animosity and should be patient in dealing with their problems. 10 fishermen.They will be responsible for going out to sea and ensuring that the sea animals involve by the business is always on time and of good quality. Sources of resolved and working ceilingThe business will need both working and fixed capital.The two sources of fixed capital to be use by the business are A loan of US $300,00 0 from the guinea pig moneymaking(prenominal) Bank, to be secured with a mortgage on the entrepreneurs home,which would go towards the purchasing of new equipementrenovating and upgrading the premisispurchasing of more delivery vehiclesThe second source will bepersonnal nest egg of the entrepreneur of US$10,000 from the Jamaica Mutual Bank which will be used to do the same as the things listed above. The two sources of working capital will be a loan from the bank and personal savings of the entrepreneur .This money will contribute towards paying salariespaying avail billspay rent on the premisesThe money borrowed from the bank will be repaid from the profits accumulated during a period of 10 geezerhood of successful business management. Role of entrepreneurThe entrepreneur is one who organizes the factors of takings to create goods and services. The most suitable location, qualified workers, and the right equipment and machinery will fasten efficient harvestion. It is theref ore important for him to agnise the right decisions concerning the employment of the necessitate resources for his business. He essential also propose decisions on systems and subroutinees to be utilise in the production process.An entrepreneur has many roles/responsibility, three of which are preparednessPlanning is very important to every venture. It is more important to the entrepreneurs venture because of the uncertainty of success and less room to make mistake. The entrepreneurs focus is on the execution side and how to get the product to the market in the shortest amount of time so as to start earning revenue. OPERATINGThis is where the entrepreneur starts putting all its business ideas into pasture .He analyzes his ideas and sees if they are going according to planned. ConceptualizingThis is where the entrepreneur gains an understanding of the business and what he hopes it will be, takingsThe action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the p rocess of macrocosm so manufactured.There are three compositors cases of production.They entanglePrimary ProductionThis includes all kinds of peculiar(a)ctive industries such as agriculture, mining and fishing. unessential ProductionThis includes manufacturing such as assembling, refining and construction (building) industries.Tertiary ProductionThis includes all kinds of service industries such as transportation, communication and tourism.The type of production used in the business is primary production.The fishes and other sea animals are extracted from the sea to be made in a finished product to be enjoyed by thousands of customers.Levels of productionProduction is the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.There are three levels of production.These include SubsistenceThis is the lowest level of production. Subsistence productions refers to output from the production process that is just enough for the opti on. This amount of production is therefore not seemly to meet all needs and wants of a family, community or a country. For example, subsistence farming involves the production of crops to feed the family and for survival. Wealth is not created as any(prenominal) is produced is consumed.Domestic ProductionDomestic production refers to production that is more than survival level. It provides output that is enough to satisfy domestic needs and wants. Excessis not available for export. However, production is adequate to supply local guide.Surplus or ExportThis level of production is adequate to supply local demand and for export. Large industries can produce large quantities of output to satisfy local consumption and earn foreign exchange from export, for example, the sugar and banana industries.The type of production used by CJs Seafood Joint is domestic production.The business provides mostly for the local market.There is sufficient demand locally to absorb all the produce.Quality c ontrol measuresThe entrepreneur will make a occasional report on the problems or difficulties face on a daily business and implement measures to correct them. The entrepreneur will also be responsible for inspecting the goods carried in on a daily basis to make sure that they are up to standard and are suitable for consumption. applied scienceIn todays world technology has become one of the fastest advancements.In CJs Seafood Joint it will play a vital part in its day to day running. Two types of technology used by the business are a icebox and a computer. The refrigerator is responsible for the preservation of foods and beverages.Without the refrigerators,items will start to them rottening resulting in a passing play of money and customers due to a bad reputation of rotted foods The computers is most important as it contains all the businesss transactions and data.It provides nightclub and allows information to be accessed easily,without the availability of computers everything will be chaotic.Potential for growthInternallyWe will be able to expand our initial operation by 80% by our 7th year, however expanding would mean a larger premisis which would require us to go elsewhere for the business to be successful in all its different aspects.We would need to buy spare delivery vehicles also an addition of ten (10) members of staff to share the extra work load.The business would have to move to a similar locatiom,near the sea, so as to not make things difficult in the purchasing and transporting of foods externallyIf we can acquire a good record,we might be able to expand internationally,allowing us to open branches in different countries turning CJs into a multi-national business .The business would so make more money and foreign exchange,also more exposure for the business.LinkagesThe business turns raw materials into a juicy produce to be consumed by our customers. Having a backward linkage helps the business in that there is a reduced dependence on m erchandise goods since local suppliers provide the raw materials for the producers.The linkage will allow the business to source fresh produce,to minimize delivery time and transport be and to maintain a close relationship with the product suppliers to chink product quality.Government RegulationsThe business must apply to the Commissioner of Taxes to be a registered taxpayer, the business will earn atleast at least JMD 2,000,000. The application for GCT registration must be submitted within 21 days after taxable bodily function has started. A temporary GCT certificate will be issued to the company upon pass on of the application for GCT. Documents to be submitted are the following1. Completed application for TRN subjugate Organisations2. NIS number confirming that the company is not yet liable to National Insurance. 3. Certified copy of Articles of Incorporation4. Authorisation letter if the TRN application is being made by a third party. The business will be affected by the h ealth and safety regulations ,particulary with regard to oil spills.The entrepreneur must be familiar with all legal requirements for occupational health and safety,and must ensure full compliance.Ethical IssuesCJs will make the aspect of ethical issues priority as it relates to the development of the business. CJS culinary art will endeavour to do its best in not to be involved in ignoring health, safety and environmental standards. The business will ensure that all these aspects meet the necessary requirement in order to quash instances such as food poisoning .we will aim to meet a good nutritional standard for all meals,with a balance of proteins and other requirements.

Nike and Adidas Compare and Contrast Essay

Nike and Adidas Comp are and direct contrast judge Both Nike and Adidas are athletic wear companies whose products throughout many parts of the introduction are very popular and permit been the top two leaders sport companies in the sport industry. The purpose of this essay is to equivalence and contrast Nike and Adidas companies in terms of headquarters, market focus, sponsorships, marketing and advertising, price and product. Nike is an international U. S. -American sportswear manufacturers.It was founded by Bill Bowerman in the year 1972 and the slogan is Just Do It. On the other hand, Adidas is a worldwide sportwears manufacturer based in Germany and founded by Adolf Dassler on 18 August 1949. The slogan is Impossible is zip fastener. These two companies sell and offer a wide range of products for the customers and their products offered is in the main on sports wear for men and women. These companies also provide the customers varieties of footwear much(prenominal) as sports shoes, casual shoes, boots, sandals and stockings.While they are selling similar products, Nike products are more expensive than Adidas because allNikebrand hashighand advancetechnology. Nike and Adidas have also been the top sponsors in the sport industry. Nike promotes its products by sponsorship agreements with celebrity athletes, pro teams and college athletic teams. In contrast, Adidas sponsors professional soccer, tennis, general athletics with mainly clothing. In terms of market focus, Retail is a key focus for Nike in connecting with consumers, both online and in store.Whereas, Adidas are europiuman market focus because Europe is the birthplace of Adidas with a long tradition of domination in the marketplace. In conclusion, Nike and Adidas are both famous sports brand, people usually tend to compare them to each other and got a finally choice but I think price is a vital factor that influences consumers to piss the final decision. Our behaviors proved that the pr oducts do value for money. Nike and Adidas Compare and Contrast Essay Submitted by throw Sudarat Doungbanthao Submitted to Aj. Emilyn R. Orlain Draft no. 2 Date. Friday, 23 December 2011At present, in the market we have many products launch everyday and the ad cant let the consumer know all new products uncommitted but I dont think it is true. In fact, the publicizing is a way to let consumer know what is new, different or available and also provides a useful information for shoppers in order to make the product known in the market. According to housewife Tanai Cohen, There are too many new products on the market and it is impossible to kick downstairs out about them without advertisements. Besides, I like trying new products Miss Sudarat Doungbanthao 523080937-1

Evolution or Ignorance of Education

Throughout recent history creationists and phylogenesisists call for argued whether maturation should be a offset of Americas public education. Whether growing is knowledge fact, or accomplishment fiction. Evolution being a science based on statistics has almost faults, although legion(predicate) concepts in science or math do. The motion of learning about evolution is a necessary part of a well-rounded students education due to the fact that it is a statistically turn out science and removing it in turn revokes certain students rights. In a students donnish c areer that a student is most same(p)ly at unrivalled time or another going to prevail to take a science class. skill, being the main topic of discussion in this class, should at one point include evolution, because that is what evolution is, a science. Although to truly substantiate evolution in its fullest context, one must not look to a dictionary, for dictionary definitions just are too vague. One of the mo st respect evolutionary biologists has defined biological evolution as follows In the broadest sense, evolution is merely spay, and so is all-pervasive galaxies, languages, and political systems all arise. Biological evolution is heighten in the properties of populations of organisms that transcend the lifetime of a single soulfulness.The ontogeny of an individual is not plowed evolution individual organisms do not evolve. The changes in populations that are considered evolutionary are those that are inheritable via the genetic material from one generation to the next. Biological evolution may be slight or substantial it embraces everything from slight changes in the proportion of diametric alleles within a population (such as those determining blood types) to the successive alterations that led from the earlier protoorganism to snails, bees, giraffes, and dandelions. Douglas J. Futuyma in Evolutionary Biology, Sinauer Associates 1986All sciences are based on some form of confirmation. Whether it being living severalize such as in Biology where one can observe cell division, mathematical proof such as in calculating air-resistance in Physics, or statistical proof as in all science experiments when a predicted conduct occurs again and again. All sciences have at least one of these qualities, including evolution. The proof of evolutions existence has been on this earth ever since life was formed from degree Celsius based atom structures. Humans, however, have not been in existence coarse enough to observe properly the phenomena of evolution.Although by using the latest engineering we can accurately observe the process of evolution as it occurred oer time long ago and is still happening today. Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, made the first major step in classifying evolution during his studies in the Galapagos Archipelago in 1831 when he was only 22 years of age. Due to this he is credited with first forming a structured theory of evolution. During his studies in the Galapagos Archipelago he found a multitude of flora and fauna that had complete closing off from the rest of the world.One particular type of animal that he paying(a) close attention to be a small bird called a Finch. This was thought as being simple at first, but as he traveled to the different islands he noticed many different species of finches. These finches probably descended from one type of ancestor and then, due to isolation and through with(predicate) chance, different climates and natural forces such as food availability and type, they evolved into many different types of finches. Some finches had different colorings, wingspan, and even beak style. In good he found thirteen different varieties of finches.Later on in Charles life he formed many theories on the origins of man. This was directly tie in to his studies in the Galapagos Archipelago. In his book Decent of Man written in 1871 he declares why man had been so ignorant by denying evolut ion in the final parts of chapter one. Thus we can understand how it has get on with to pass that man and all other vertebrate animals have been constructed on the identical general model, why they pass through the same too soon stages of development, and why they retain certain rudiments in common.Consequently we ought rankly to reserve their community of descent to take any other view, is to admit that our take structure, and that of all the animals around us, is a mere snare laid to immobilize our judgment. This conclusion is greatly strengthened, if we look to the members of the whole animal series, and consider the evidence derived from their affinities or classification, their geographical distribution and geological succession. It is only our natural prejudice, and that lordliness which made our forefathers declare that they were descended from demigods, which leads us to demur to this conclusion.But the time get out before ong come, when it will be thought wonderful that naturalists, who were well present with the comparative structure and development of man, and other mammals, should have believed that each was the mildew of a separate act of creation. (Darwin) As seen in the above text, Charles Darwin explains how statistically man did evolve from a lower form of life. This is directly think to the finches due to that the same forces that caused them to evolve may have caused humans to evolve as well. Yet still some schools in America have tried banning the teaching of evolution in the classroom.Every student in a United States public school has a underlying right to hear the whole story when it comes to evolution. It is called the first amendment in the acme of Rights. According to the American Civil Liberties Union or ACLU, the authority on civil rights, states that every student has the right to a non-biased education (ACLU Urges ). In the Supreme Court decision Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U. S. 578 (1987), the Court ruled that to com promise by omitting evolution and creationism from the science class would undermine the provision of a umbrella scientific education.On this point, the law is very clear, and the Supreme Court roam its foot down &8212 the First Amendment forbids a state to alter its curriculum simply in order to defend a religious belief. Thats an psychiatric hospital of religion, and its unconstitutional. (Edwards) So not only is removing evolution from the classroom unjustified, but it is against the law. Creationism has its go down in the classroom as well as Evolutionism, although not the same classroom. Creationism belongs in a class like Theology or account statement of Religion.This is because creationism is the belief in the biblical account of the creation of the world. Biblical consequence the Bible, restricting it only to a group of religions. So-called Creation Science is not a science at all. Lately it has been more of a political movement than a science. Sure creationists may h ave facilities like the Institute for Creation Research (a church that does no scientific interrogation at all) and the Creation Research Society (another church that also does no scientific research), but in the end there is not a shred of science in creation.Recently many science teachers in public schools have tried to work their way around teaching evolution by teaching a so called intelligent forge theory (Washington State). This is just one of the many guises of creation science, and it does not change the fact that states and school districts may not adopt religious theories as standards in school curricula. Creationists will always exist, since ignorance will always exist, although evolution will always have a place in science curriculum. Creationists believe in creation because their masters have told them to believe in Creationism as a tool to their salvation.They do not vex that evolution is an observed fact they have faith that Creationism is true, and thats all they need. They consider facts and truth to be a hindrance to their ticket to Heaven. The teachings of these people should have no place, and will have no place in our childrens science classrooms, only evolution and other proven sciences have the right to be present. Therefore, the process of learning about evolution is a necessary part of a well-rounded students education due to the fact that it is a statistically proven science and removing it in turn revokes certain students rights.

Starbucks Corporation & Tully’s Coffee Corporation

Starbucks Corpo balancen &038 Tullys coffee berry Corpo symmetryn MBA 522 monetary Management declination 9, 2008 Tullys drinking chocolate Corpo balancen Established in 1992, Tullys Coffee Corpoproportionn is a Seattle based coffee retailer and wholesaler. The main products offered by the participation atomic number 18 baked food items, coffee products and pastries. Additionally, their coffee beans al modest exceptional sales in regional supermarket and grocery stores.The fede dimensionn shortly operates over 100 stores in the western region of the United States and they realise embarked upon a cable venture in Japan where Tullys is creating sort of a coffee presence, they are also sendigating expansions into other overseas markets. The Corpoproportionn started generating acquires in the year 2006 (About Tullys, 2007). Starbucks Corpo dimensionn Seattle-based Starbucks Corpo dimensionn is the steer coffeehouse chain in the world. The company currently has ope propor tionalityns in more than 44 countries.The main products offered by Starbucks include a wide-cut variety of beverages, coffee beans and brewing equipment, and a wide assortment of snacks and sandwiches. The company also branched into marketing music and books (The Company, 2008). Ratio Analysis RatiosStarbucksTullys Coffee current Ratio0. 790. 51 supple Ratio0. 300. 30 Debt Equity Ratio1. 345. 22 trademarked Ratio0. 430. 24 Solvency Ratio0. 571. 24 breed Turnover Ratio12. 1311. 27 Gross clams Ratio (%)23. 3444. 96 Net remuneproportionn Ratio7. 1515. 76 Return on Proprietors Funds29. 45- Earning Per Share0. 910. 004Current Ratio Current ratio may be specify as the human kin between current assets and current liabilities. It is also cognize as the working capital ratio (2 1 ratio). It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Current assets of a firm symbolize those assets which can be, in the ordinary course of business, converted into cash at hear t a period non exceeding match little year. Current liabilities are those obligations which are to be paid within a period of one year of current assets or by creation of current liabilities (forefront Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005).Current ratio of the Starbucks Corporation and Tullys Coffee Corporation is . 79 and . 51 respectively, during the year 2007. in that respect is a difference in the current ratio of both(prenominal) companies, reflecting the weak liquidity status of both companies and it illustrates that neither company has short barrier solvency. Liquidity position can be improve to some extent and can be made equivalent to manufacturing average. The industry average of current ratio is . 90 1. The current ratio of Tullys is un hunky-dory and reflects weak position of the company. Quick RatioThis ratio is also helpful in analyzing the short term fiscal position of a business. Quick ratio is the measure of the instant debt gainful efficiency of the busin ess enterprise, hence, it is called quick ratio (Van Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005). A quick ratio of 11 is considered as an ideal ratio. If the liquid ratio is more than 11, the financial position of the firm is deemed to be sound. On the other hand, if the ratio is little than 11 the financial position of the firm is unsound. Quick ratio of Starbucks is . 301 and Tullys ratio is . 301. There is no difference between the quick ratios of Starbucks &038 Tullys Coffee. general, the short term liquidity position of both firms is quite an poor because the ratios are less than the desired norm. For instance, current ratio should be 21 whereas, it is less than 11. Similarly, the liquidity ratio is much less than 1 as compared to ideal standard of 11. Therefore, the companies will face difficulties in paying current obligations on maturity. Debt Equity Ratio This ratio indicates the carnal knowledge proportionality of debt and equity in financing the assets of a firm. Debt Equity ratio reflects the relative claims of creditors and stockholders against the assets of a firm.The industry average of ratio is . 421. Debt equity ratio of Tullys is 5. 221. This figure is non at all satisfactory the ratio of 11 is considered within norms and bonny. The Starbucks ratio is 1. 341, which is quite reasonable. A high debt equity ratio has unplayful implications from the firms point of view. A high proportion of debt in the capital construction leads to the inflexibility in operations of the firm as creditors would exercise nip and interfere in counseling. Tullys has high debt-equity ratio which is unfavorable for the company. copyrighted Ratio patented ratio establishes a relationship between proprietors or shareholders funds and nitty-gritty assets of the business. This ratio highlights the general financial strength of the firm. It is of great importance to creditors since it enables them to find out the proportion of shareholders funds in the heart assets used in the business. The ratio of Starbucks is . 431 and for Tullys it is . 241. The proprietary ratio is low for both companies. Although there is little difference in performance of both smokes, it is Starbucks that is in let on position.Solvency Ratio This ratio measures the long term solvency of the business. It reveals the relationship between total assets and total external liabilities. This ratio measures the proportion of total assets provided by the creditors of the firm, i. e. what part of assets is organism financed from loans (Van Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005). The total assets of Starbucks are more than their total liabilities, which indicates that the company is solvent. Tullys liabilities are more than their total assets, reflecting that the firm is not solvent.In this instance the higher the ratio, the greater the derive of creditors that are being used to generate proceeds for the owners of the firm. The difference in both the companies ratio is very high, a lthough Starbucks has better performance than Tullys in terms of solvency. Inventory Turnover Ratio The ratio indicates the number of times inventory is replaced during the year. It measures the relationship between the cost of sounds sold and the inventory level. The inventory turnover ratio measures how quickly inventory is sold (Van Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005).The inventory turnover ratio of Starbucks is 12 times while Tullys ratio is 11 times. Starbucks and Tullys both have similar ratios, below that of the industry average. Thus, both corporations have uneconomical inventory management. Generally speaking, a high inventory turnover ratio is better than a low ratio. A high ratio implies good inventory management. A very low level of inventory has serious implications, as it adversely affects the ability to meet customer demand. Gross Profit Ratio The ratio expresses the relationship of gross do good on sales to net sales in terms of percentage (Van Horne, Wachowicz & 038 Bhaduri, 2005).Goss profit is the closure of the relationship between prices, sales volume and costs. Gross profit brink of Starbucks Corporation is 23%, whereas the ratio for Tullys is 45%. Tullys ratio is high as compared to Starbucks, which is a sign of good management. It implies that the cost of toil for the firm is relatively low. Tullys has reasonable gross margin which ensures fit coverage for operating expenses and sufficient return to the owners of the business, which is reflected in the net profit margin. Net profit RatioThis measures the relationship between net benefit and sales of a firm. The net profit margin is indicative of managements ability to operate the business with sufficient success not only to recover revenues of the period, the cost of merchandise or services, the expenses of operating the business and the cost of the borrowed funds, but also leave a margin of reasonable compensation to the owners for providing their capital at risk (Van Horne, Wa chowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005). Net profit ratio of Tullys Coffee and Starbucks is -15. 67% and 7. 15%, respectively.Starbucks Corporation is generating enough returns for its owners. On the other hand, Tullys net profit margin is negative. The company is miserable from huge losses and has incurred net losses in the year 2007. Overall efficiency and profitability of Starbucks is higher than Tullys Coffee. Return on Proprietary Funds The ratio expresses the percentage relationship between net profit and proprietors funds or shareholders investment (Van Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005). It is used to descry the earning power of shareholders investment.Return on proprietors fund for Starbucks is 29. 5%. The ratio could not be calculated for Tullys Coffee as net profit and shareholders funds, both are negative. Starbucks has better performance and a higher return than Tullys Coffee. Earning Per Share The rate of dividend on shares depends upon the amount of profits earned by the fir m. Whatever profit remains, after contact all expenses and paying preference share dividend, belongs to equity shareholders (Van Horne, Wachowicz &038 Bhaduri, 2005). These are the profits earned on equity share capital.The earning per share is calculated by dividing the profit available to equity shareholders by the number of shares issued. This is a common ratio as it measures the profitability of a firm from the owners standpoint. Starbucks EPS is higher than Tullys, which shows that the market price of the firm would be greater. Earning per share of Tullys Coffee has no value, it is almost negligible. Higher EPS helps the company to raise extra capital without difficulty. This ratio plays an important role in comparison of the both companies from an investment point of view.Investment Decision It would be my choice to invest in Starbucks Corporation, as the overall performance and productivity is higher. The liquidity abridgment performed through current ratio and quick rat io reveals that the Starbucks is positioned better in terms of liquidity the company also has superior position in term of long-term solvency. Though gross profit ratio of Tullys Coffee is high, overall Starbucks has a favorable financial position in that they would be able to quickly convert various assets into cash.Starbucks Corporation is generating adequate returns and reasonable profits which are sufficient for effectively running their operations. The corporation is generating higher returns for their shareholders, illustrating that the resources are effectively utilized. EPS is very high at Starbucks, which is unavoidable for the investment. Thus, I feel that an investment in Starbucks Corporation is a better choice, as it would yield higher returns for this investor. References About Tullys. (2007). Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//www. tullys. com/company/ Starbucks Corp Financial Statement. (2008).MSN Money. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//moneycentral. msn . com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt. aspx? Symbol=SBUX&038lstStatement=Balance&038stmtView=Ann The Company. (2008). Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//www. starbucks. com/aboutus/overview. asp Tullys Coffee Corporation. (2008, November). Hoovers. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//www. hoovers. com/free/co/secdoc. xhtml? ID=58100=6157151-141335-231989 Van Horne, J. C. , Wachowicz, J. M. , &038 Bhaduri, S. N. (2005). Fundamentals of Financial Management (12th Ed. ). (pp. 130-133). United Kingdom Pearson Education

Digital Fortress Chapter 31

Susan returned to Node 3. Her conversation with Strathmore had do her increasingly sickish ab emerge Davids safety. Her imagination was running wild.So, scuff spouted from his terminal. What did Strathmore want? A romanticistic evening alone with his head cryptographer?Susan treat the comment and colonised in at her terminal. She typed her privacy code and the screen came to life. The tracer political program came into view it still had not returned any information on northmost Dakota.Damn, Susan thought. Whats taking so long?You seem uptight, Hale state innocently. Having discommode with your diagnostic?Nothing serious, she replied. But Susan wasnt so sure. The tracer was overdue. She wondered if maybe shed made a mistake while writing it. She began scanning the long lines of oblivion programming on her screen, searching for anything that could be holding things up.Hale find her smugly. Hey, I meant to pack you, he ventured. What do you make of that unbreakable algorit hmic ruleic program Ensei Tankado said he was writing?Susans stomach did a flip. She looked up. Unbreakable algorithm? She caught herself. Oh, yeah I think I read something rough that. bonny incredible claim.Yeah, Susan replied, wondering why Hale had suddenly brought it up. I dont procure it, though. Everyone knows an unbreakable algorithm is a mathematical impossibility.Hale smiled. Oh, yeah the Bergofsky Principle.And ordinary sense, she snapped.Who knows Hale sighed dramatic aloney. There are more things in heaven and domain than are dreamt of in your philosophy.I beg your pardon?Shakespeare, Hale offered. Hamlet. pick out a broadcast while you were in jail?Hale chuckled. Seriously, Susan, did you forever think that maybe it is possible, that maybe Tankado really did write an unbreakable algorithm?This conversation was making Susan uneasy. Well, we couldnt do it.Maybe Tankados better than we are.Maybe. Susan shrugged, feigning disinterest.We corresponded for a while, Hale offered casually. Tankado and me. Did you know that?Susan looked up, attempting to hide her shock. Really?Yeah. After I exposed the Skipjack algorithm, he wrote me-said we were brothers in the global fight for digital privacy.Susan could moreover contain her disbelief. Hale knows Tankado personally She did her best to look uninterested.Hale went on. He congratulated me for proving that Skipjack had a back door-called it a coup for privacy rights of civilians all over the world. You gotta admit, Susan, the backdoor in Skipjack was an underhanded play. Reading the worlds E-mail? If you ask me, Strathmore deserved to get caught.Greg, Susan snapped, fighting her anger, that back door was so the NSA could decode E-mail that threatened this nations security.Oh, really? Hale sighed innocently. And snooping the average citizen was just a lucky by-product?We dont snoop average citizens, and you know it. The FBI can hydrant telephones, but that doesnt mean they listen to every call thats ever made.If they had the manpower, they would.Susan ignored the remark. Governments should have the right to gather information that threatens the common good.Jesus saviour-Hale sighed-you sound like youve been brainwashed by Strathmore. You know damn tumesce the FBI cant listen in whenever they want-theyve got to get a warrant. A spiked encryption standard would mean the NSA could listen in to anyone, anytime, anywhere.Youre right-as we should be able to Susans office was suddenly harsh. If you hadnt uncovered the back door in Skipjack, wed have price of admission to every code we need to break, instead of just what TRANSLTR can handle.If I hadnt found the back door, Hale argued, someone else would have. I saved your asses by uncovering it when I did. Can you imagine the fallout if Skipjack had been in circulation when the news broke?Either way, Susan shot back, now weve got a insane EFF who think we put back doors in all our algorithms.Hale asked smugly, Well, dont we?Susan eyed him coldly.Hey, he said, backing off, the point is moot now anyway. You construct TRANSLTR. Youve got your instant information source. You can read what you want, when you want-no questions asked. You win.Dont you mean we win? hold water I heard, you worked for the NSA.Not for long, Hale chirped.Dont make promises.Im serious. Someday Im getting out of here.Ill be crushed.In that moment, Susan found herself wanting to curse Hale for everything that wasnt red ink right. She wanted to curse him for Digital Fortress, for her troubles with David, for the fact that she wasnt in the Smokys-but none of it was his fault. Hales merely fault was that he was obnoxious. Susan needed to be the bigger person. It was her responsibility as head cryptographer to keep the peace, to educate. Hale was young and naive.Susan looked over at him. It was frustrating, she thought, that Hale had the talent to be an asset in Crypto, but he still hadnt grasped the importance of what the NSA did.Greg, S usan said, her voice quiet and controlled, Im under a lot of pressure today. I just get upset when you talk about the NSA like were some kind of high-tech peeping Tom. This organization was founded for one purpose-to cherish the security of this nation. That may involve shaking a few trees and spirit for the bad apples from time to time. I think most citizens would gladly grant some privacy to know that the bad guys cant maneuver unchecked.Hale said nothing.Sooner or later, Susan argued, the people of this nation need to put their corporate trust somewhere. Theres a lot of good out there-but theres also a lot of bad mixed in. Someone has to have access to all of it and crumble the right from wrong. Thats our job. Thats our duty. Whether we like it or not, there is a frail admission separating democracy from anarchy. The NSA guards that gate.Hale nodded thoughtfully. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?Susan looked puzzled.Its Latin, Hale said. From Satires of Juvenal. It means Who wil l guard the guards? I dont get it, Susan said. Who will guard the guards? Yeah. If were the guards of society, then who will watch us and make sure that were not dangerous?Susan nodded, unsure how to respond.Hale smiled. Its how Tankado sign-language(a) all his letters to me. It was his favorite saying.

Online education vs traditional education Essay

For hundreds of years we have been teaching traditionally to children with variable results, in the last two decades with the growing technology a in the raw form of training has formed, online education. With noble school being a crucial time in teenagers brio parents and educators have questioned is online education better for students everyplace traditional methods. In the search to figure out which is better race have gathered evidence involving studies, canvas, and research on the effect online education has on students.My first source used is written by Dan Lips, an name called How Online Learning Is Revolutionizing K-12 Education and Benefiting Students for the Heritage Foundation. The authors tone is glob and persuasive. In the article he uses evidence such as facts, studies, and polls to persuade the readers to see the greatness of virtual education. Dan Lips uses high profile pile who wrote books on virtual learning to increase credibility to his claim.The secon d source, Students frustrations with a Web-establish distance education course by Noriko Hara and Rob Kling published in the online journal First Monday. This is an article based on the study the authors did on how students felt enrolled in an online class in college. While this is an article based on the feelings of college students this applies to the high school online education as they base high school online education on college online education so they are firing to run into the same problems.The authors of this article were neutral to the study and were just coverage what was wrong with distance learning so as not to twist the results, and to get how the teacher and students feel about online learning. The authors use this article to charge students, teachers, and schools on some of the things wrong with online education and to not ignore the high-risk sides of online education because of mostly praise towards it.My last source is Online gamey Schools sieve Students So cial Skills by Paul Glader investigates the impact of online education on teens socially. Glader ground that students enrolled in online high school often drop out repayable to the fact of them feeling lonely. The online high schools are trying to find ship canal to make teens spend time together in the virtual classrooms. High school is a pivotal time in everyones life that can shape your future.

Magnanimous Pharash

The Magnanimous Pharaoh Forever Lives in Me On the break of the day I was making plans for my summer break, I got a package from stand in active a 6 inch 4 harness box. I ran to my room in excitement to unwrap my new gift. Surprisingly, I saw a blue and white hardcover textbook. I sighed in disappointment it was the Kaplan textbook I had to study for my SAT exams. At night, when I was around starting to read I was so uninterested and disquieted that I started flipping through and through pages. Not long after, I matte up goofy and went to bed.That night, I had a dream, I saw myself in a totally new lifestyle, attitude, behavior and most of my rinds had same slip as mine. I wonder how this r arely believed dream came true and made me a wonderful young man I am. Every morning in my brick hostel, in my clean and lessened room at the four walls of Immaculate mettlesome School on the fall outskirt of Kirkwood in Lagos, Nigeria. Before I receive the six loud bells of the tow er when the sun ray penetrates my window, theres a shock on my door. I hear a shrill and in high spirits flip voice say, Get up Get up A lithe man in his daily stripped khaki pants with a glass of cold water stands tall over me. I curious the glass of water could e used to drench my shirt preferably than quench my thirst if I fail to wake. This is Pharaoh, 45 years old, ingleside helper, sweeper, caretaker, and the only person to know where I keep my letters from my girlfriend. He was Just a man all students believed was either a high instill dropout or a douche that had no word of boost or could be of figure out and importance. He is like a tiny robot programmed to keep my life and that of the other seventy other boys in my boarding house in order.For five years, I saw him either day cleaning and washing. It is a mystery to me how someone who lives such a mundane life sill greets me with a flash f his 31 dentition overtime I cross his path. Growing up, I never felt respe ct and I was non ready to give it back, my disregard about life didnt make me actualize the exigency of being a charity to people and life my tender mind was only bothered about the positive aspects of life having fun, hanging out with friend, play video games, and surfboard the internet were my priorities.I was not ready to be pestered by the negativeness of life all I wanted was pleasure, I felt no remorse about being rude and disobedient I view money could solve every difficulty and problem. I ponder recurrently to know what the cause is. Was it my parents? Should I have not be nurtured as a rich kid while growing, or was I influenced by school mates. I thought of all this in my early puerile years. I wonder how a minor incident could be of transformation and totally put a stop to my way of living in my early teenage years.Few months before spring break, I had a dreaded night tossing and turning before my SAT exam. Words swam in my headman as I pondered the difference bet ween allusion, illusion, and elision. The next morning Pharaoh looked more than tense than surprised to see me awake. He asked me much like my start would, What happened? Why do you look so worried? Has the sun uprise from the West? On filling him on my war with words, he smiled and guarantee all would be fine. It was the first time I heard him speak, and it was a revelation. I didnt realize that this man was more than Just a trace and go machine.The fact that he empathetic with me like my mother convinced me that he was going to influence my life for the better and make great redress to my way of living. That afternoon when he came to clean my hostel room, I inserted a 100 naira note into his hand and requested him to get a software system of chips. He frowned and frowned even more. I snatched back the note and ran to the dining manse for a barely edible breakfast. I felt bad for having pass the line. I should have respected the school rules, I wished that he would not comp lain about my transgression.To my astonishment, that afternoon, I saw not one exactly cardinal packets of chips lying neatly on the pillow. He grimaced, displaced his 31 teeth, and walked out of the room. I was taken aback, I couldnt believe that a man with a large family to support and a meager income to do it with had generosity to carry through my petty temptation. Many chips later, I realized that he didnt grudge me the chips he was simply against taking money from me. He found Joy in giving and he had great pride in himself. Secretly, I envied him.For he had found the contentment most people spend their live chasing. I envied him because he smiled all through the day. I learned from his example, that there are some things money cant buy. Contentment and generosity are Just two of them. Pharaoh may not be a Mahatma Gandhi or a Nelson Mandela that faculty have influenced a lot of people due to their reputable positions, and further lifestyle, still Pharaoh lifestyle as an a verage living Man though he wasnt educated, rich or popular but he was coin bank generous with the little he had and was contented with what he had left.He was able to influence the lifes of other teenage boys in my high school dormitory through his simplicity and humility and made remarkable changes in our lives, my parents were happy to see the new me and lauded him for being a great influence to my life and that of my school mates. Pharaoh may not have the ability to do great things, but I saw the greatness to have the ability to do small things in him.

The Purpose and Function of University Education

Purposes and functions of university education My own reflection With the six year hard kit and caboodle in my secondary studies, finally I get into university. I am relieved that there is no to a greater extent past paper and creation examination on wholeness hand but I pass off that I am disoriented on the other hand. As a freshman, the experience in first month of university life is out of my vista I am totally free There are so numerous spare times and so few coursework to do. No more control from the order teachers. No more annoying reminders from my parents.All I gather in got is the time to play, play and play (and a little time for lessons, of course). When family line has come to an end and October comes as an old friend, I start to admire Should my university life go like this? It seems that I am getting lost in a big forest, losing my way, since I do not ready a goal. When I was studying in secondary school, there was one goal waiting for me to achieve getting into university. Now, I stir accomplish it. Then, whats next? University is not equal to vocational training institute. My class teacher has once told me. Now it appears in my mind suddenly. In theory, what you have chosen to study is highly likely to be your move after you graduate. Taking the BBA students as an example, which is the commonest, they are likely to participate in jobs cogitate to finance when they finish their tertiary studies, and it is undeniable in practice. But would the corresponding happen to students of arts like me? If I am going to draw criminology as my major in year 2, what is my job going to be in the future? A policewoman?The future female private eye Holmes? If university is a place where you are going to decide your future career by your major, does it sound sensible that students major in English should be an English teacher? Definitely not, since there are many possibilities til now you are majoring in English. Even though you are practicing a particular skill in university, it does not mean that you should give up the chance to discover new affairs. The theory I have just mentioned preceding(prenominal) is true, however, not absolutely true, especially to the arts students.Since there are many possibilities in the university life, I know that I will be accustomed different chances to try out different things, which is new to me, and it will modify me to discover myself, know more about myself. I am win over that this is the function of university education providing a space for learning, discovering, and experiencing. Throughout these three processes, the master(prenominal) purpose of university education rising up students who are able to mean independently and work as a team or individually, do-nothing be fulfilled.Apparently, how to have a good job is the last thing for me to consider right now. At this moment, my goal is try to fail an sprightly learner, who can ask questions with confidence, get inv olved in the classes and clubs, and eventually become self-independent and self- initiative, which is a vital characteristic I believe that it is more important than getting a high GPA. Learn how to learn, this is the reason why I am here, studying in university.

French Revolution Essay

The cut Revolution was a very all important(predicate) series of events for altogether of cut history, making a big strike on all the lives of retiring(a) and present cut citizens. There was no unmatched factor was immediately responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal abrasiveness and taxationing, universe revenues and domain debt mismanagement contributed to a French fraternity that was on the frame of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary causal agent that shook France amongst 1787 and 1799, r distributivelyed its front flood tide thither in 1789. later taking abide by of the move parsimoniousness in the late 1700s, office Louis XVI, very self-centered, sight his business office to approach pattern came from god himself. He brought in a morsel of financial consultants to retrospect the modify French treasury. to each one advisor reached the alike(p) conclusion, that France motivatinged a jumbo change in the way it tax ed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. last the king established that this taxation force real did need to be solved so he plant a natural ascendancy general of finance.The in the raw general of finance suggested preferably of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be satisfactory to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from compensable taxes before. The nobility refused. monetary break in thus seemed imminent. The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of th e falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury.Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France indispensable a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent.The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty an d taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury. Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out.Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed immi nent. The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789.After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury. Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he ap pointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent.The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury.Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent.

Applied Definition: Virtue Ethics Essay

1. In what expressive styles did the historical context from which faithfulness ethics emerged shape its basic principles? Presocratics, regarded as the first philosophers, brought the term reinvigorateds to ism (literal translation word also denotes logic, argument, sympathy. Aristotles concept of Virtue Ethics regards military manes as rational animals, implying that logos is purely a human trait. Kn bear as Platos ab bulge gifted student, Aristotle disagreed with his t to each oneers fit that the essence of reality lies in some abstr run world of Forms or Ideas (Brannigan, 200560).Aristotles rank of view localisely contrasts his teachers, stating that the source of fuddleding comes from concrete, physical reality (Brannigan, 200560). This direct contrast with Plato leads to Aristotle opening his own school, which he called the Lyceum. Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics is his literary formation of his ethical theories. Aristotle believes that ethics originate from real w orld experiences, that in that location is not a set of rules to apply to life that will make us into ethical universes, notwithstanding rather the individual exists in relationship with others (Brannigan, 200561).Thus, ethics is based upon how the individuals relate to each other and the cultivation of costly character. How do we cultivate healthy character? Aristotle states we moldiness fulfill our human nature. He tells us that all things existing in nature extradite their own unique(predicate) give up purpose, which he refers to as telos (Greek term for specific end). For example, an apple seeds telos would be to grow into an apple corner and produce apples. Aristotle tells us that lone(prenominal) humans are capable of development logos as a form of thought, and that all humans are, by nature, rational animals.Therefore, the humans end purpose is to fulfill our human nature as rational animals by properly exercising our moderateness and he also asserts that, only in this way can we be genuinely happy (Brannigan, 200562). Furthermore, Aristotle states that all humans agree one end culture eudaimonia (Greek for happiness), and that happiness is an intrinsic good. Intrinsic good means that we seek happiness for the pastime of creation happy, and we do not seek happiness to obtain something else.In contrast, subservient good are steps we precede to secure this intrinsic and ultimate good of happiness. For example, students confine college courses to fulfill a requirement, gain understanding, and so on. Regardless of the sympathy, in conclusion students take courses to achieve something, with another goal in mind, and then reservation it an instrumental good. All goods are instrumental, except happiness. Human excellence and telos can be acquired, only when we realize our true natures as rational animals, when we properly consumption our reason doneout our lives (Brannigan, 200562).Aristotle terms human excellence with a new name faithfulness genuine happiness is to live vestally, and only by living innoxiously can we attain happiness, and living perfect(a)ly requires making a habit of practicing meritoriousness to cultivate good character. Therefore only those with good character can be truly happy. To live virtuously, we must avoid extremes and maintain a fit, which Aristotle terms as the golden mean. The golden mean is the balance between the extremes, and we must use rational thinking and reasoning in a balanced fashion. He tell two types of virtues intellectual and moral.Intellectual virtues require us to use out reason in two ways, one practical and one philosophical. First, we reason in order to live practically in our day-to-day lives, which requires us to live sensibly through practical reason (Brannigan, 200564), which Aristotle terms phronesis. Second, we reason for the purpose of discovering higher true statements so that we may contemplate higher, more conjectural truths and principles such(prenominal) as the idea of the Good (Brannigan, 200564). Moral virtues (which Aristotle termed ethike) focus on our behavior and how we live our lives, and are the focus of Aristotles ethics.Aristotles notion was that moral virtues only came slightly with habitual practice, the Greek word for habit is ethos, which shows the link with ethics. In conclusion, a summary of Aristotles ethical beliefs the goal/aim is to cultivate good character, which can be achieved only through habitual practice of virtue (intellectual and moral), which will create the condition of virtue, thus making us virtuous souls. Repeated carry throughs lead to a condition, which makes an action distinct from a condition, therefore meaning one virtuous act does not make a person virtuous.Rather, acts of virtue must be an ethos(or habit), so that virtuous acts become a sort of second-nature. These repeated acts of virtuous ethos lead to the condition of virtue, and the condition of virtue = good characte r, and vice versa. Since acts of virtue are not acts of virtue unless logic, reason, and rationalization are utilized to vex the golden mean between two possible extremes, one cannot achieve their telos and/or ultimately the condition of happiness, without conclusion balance in all(prenominal) close that presents itself and then acting upon this balanced decision.This creates the assumption of a inborn link between who we are and what we do, between macrocosm and doing. However, doing the right thing simply because you are succeeding(a) a rule or guideline does not make a virtuous person, thus placing the emphasis of Aristotles ethics on being rather than doing, meaning that an honest person will tell the truth because this persons character/being is honest.The reverse of this would be a dishonest person will be dishonest, or a dishonest person will tell the truth because societal rules/guidelines say its the virtuous decision either way, a dishonest persons being and chara cter is stock-still dishonest, disregardless of whether this person tells the truth or not one act of virtue does not equal a virtuous person. Virtue then is a state of deliberate moral purpose, consisting in a mean copulation to ourselves, the mean being determined by reason, or as a prudent man would determine it. (Brannigan, 200588) 2. What would virtue ethics suggest should be done in response to the dilemma of the school child who was do to turn his fit out in spite of appearance out? Why? Virtue ethics really focuses on the golden mean, which is achieved through rational and rational thinking. By avoiding extremes habitually when making decisions, the golden mean can be achieved, leading to a virtuous person, and ultimately happiness and telos this is the only way to truly achieve the ultimate goal of happiness and virtue.Blindly pursuit rules, without rationalization and an effort to avoid extremes, does not make a virtuous person or achieve the golden mean. Thus, be ing virtuous leads to virtuous and ethical actions, but not vice versa. In the slip-up of the jumper lead, a virtue ethicist would argue that the principal was merely takeing a rule, therefore the action was not virtuous. However, the principal also exhibited balance between extremes, by making the child turn the shirt in typeface out behind a tree the principal could have do an extreme extract by either ignoring the childs shirt (and the rule in place) and lettinghim/her erupt this shirt through the slackening of the school day (deficit), or by sending the child menage for the day (or longer) as punishment for wearing a shirt that breaks the discerp grave. When you look at the parents actions and choices from a virtue ethicists point of view, they have missed the golden mean when making decisions. In regards to the choice of dressing their child in a University of Michigan shirt, a virtue ethicist would state that this decision showed ignorance (since they were provided w ith a student handbook, which has dress code guidelines), but only if they shake offed to read rules that they were provided with.If they simply werent provided with such rules, they still exhibited ignorance, but not because of being ignorant. If they read these rules and opted not to follow them because they did not agree, then they should be applauded for not blindly following rules for the sake of following them. However, the decision to send their child to school in a shirt that breaks the rules could be argued as a balanced decision. The deficit decision would be sending the child in all Oklahoma college apparel, and to stay within the guidelines the extreme would be sending their child in a completed University of Michigan football uniform.It is clear that the parents miss finding the golden mean when deciding how to express their feelings about the rule, by discharge to the extreme and bringing it to the medias attention (they could have met with school identity cards, o r even the principal, to try to compromise). They also are on the extreme side of things when they accept gifts from the university (who surely appreciated the attention brought by the media). 3. Using your own personal ethical beliefs, in what ways do you agree or disagree with the decision and the reasoning used to reach the decision in the above question?I agree with the final statements brought out by taking a virtue ethical perspective, such as the principal making a balanced choice when taking action about the shirt, the parents possibly being ignorant of the rule through personal neglect or neglect from the school, and the choices the parents made following the shirt issue being extreme. However, I do not necessarily agree with how these outcomes were achieved through this view.First, I agree that there is a balance that needs to be achieved (or atleast act to be achieved) in most of the decisions and actions we make daily, but I do not thing that non-ethical choices and act ions are made because the persons being is bad. I feel like good people can and do make ignorant, unethical, or bad choices vice versa being true as well. While I believe that being and doing definitely shape each other, I do not feel that one is formed ultimately by the other. As far as what I feel should have been done in this situation, I agree with the principals decision. peradventure the code needs refined a little, but your 5 form old having to turn his/her shirt inside out is a a good deal better option than your 5 year old getting sweep because the shirt holds a different meaning to a gang member. In class, it was argued that the University of Michigans logo held no meaning to the local gangs, but that does not eliminate the disaster of the logo being mistaken for something else, or even influencing a gang we dont know about. The possibility that your childs safety is in question should be galvanic pile enough reason for the parents to, at the very least, complain to t he school board instead of the media.The fact that the parents brought the media into the situation, I feel, decreases the credibility of their complaint, especially since they ultimately prospered from the disaster and the resulting media attention (game tickets, university apparel, and so on). If the principal had ignored the shirt, let the child wear it throughout the day, and then the child became the victim of gang-related violence because of his shirt, Im sure the parents would hold a different view-point about the rule and still end up bringing the issue to the medias attention.

Economics Assignment

ECONOMICS assigning For a trade of your choice, keep track of the spot or portion value fluctuations during a period of at least dickens old age. elevate a propound of approximately 3000 words, for from all(prenominal) one commercialise, discussing in detail the manifold forces ( chaseing developments) responsible for the cut downs. Tuesday 24 May 2011 Table of Contents Executive analysis Executive Summary In analysing the consumer grocery storeplace, we have chosen the carry on cost of two JSE listed companies, namely SABMiller and Rainbow xanthous which belong to the beverages and nourishment producers sub-sectors respectively. Our two- fall apart analysis is for the period frame in 2009 to May 2011. We pass on explore how Rainbow chicken f bed relative to its ne arst competitor Astral Foods.SABMiller al low geared us to expand our mentation and methodology as the social club also has a dual-listing on the capital of the United Kingdom Stock counterchan ge. Its terce closest competitors Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg Breweries have foreign listings. It stands to reason, therefore, that we begin our appointee with an overview of the globular context in which two companies ope pastured in the period at a lower place review. The aftermath of the ecological niche and changes in world(a) scotch indicators like the ZARUSD alternate reckon and the hurt of Brent crude oil will be examined.What we found particularly interesting was the resilience of both unions plough divvy up termss in the challenging spheric economic climate. We mention the pointors that insulated sepa aimly sell from the global downturn. We then turn our prudence to confederation Africas economic environment and examine the terminus to which the foregoing global factors moveed on due south Africas macroeconomic policy landscape. The two variables that we give birth particular attention to are the local repo and cost-of-living index rates.We address the consummation to which changes to these local variables collisionioned on the share expenses of SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken. As mentioned in the setoff para chart, our analyses consider the industries in which both companies operate by comparing their share values with those of their nearest competitors. Our order analyses focus on internal considerations and the strategic objectives circumstantial in SABMillers and Rainbows annual reports for the 2009 and 2010 financial year ends.In our analyses of each associations share set, we re principal(prenominal) mindful of the fact that, although non directly responsible for the shares daily performance, the objectives and drill hole of management neverthe little impact on the share price. We conclude each analysis with a justifiable prediction of the expected trajectory of each companys share price. The concentric eclipses in the draw beneath depict the logical progression of our assignments structure, beginning with the outer-most eclipse.The diagram also shows the inter-relatedness of each eclipse relative to the other(a) and how it is impossible to withdraw the effects of one from the other. This reinforces the aphorism that in frugals everything is related to everything else and commonly in to a greater extent ways than one. The Global Environment pic ejaculate www. eia. doe. gov The price of Brent crude oil has been plastered at an average level of $70 to $80 a barrel until November 2010. Since declination 2010, the oil price has been rising, reaching a peak of $120 / barrel in April 2011.This has been partially due to uprisings in the Arab world, which holds the majority of global oil reserves. The oil price affects domestic rising prices as fuel and energy are a major component of southbound Africas consumer price index basket. The price of petrol, which is base on oil prices, also raises logistical be. SABMiller and Rainbow paid more to conveyance their prod ucts in the December 2010 to May 2011 period as a force of the spike in oil prices. It stands to reason that these naughtyer transportation be would be passed on to consumers as higher product prices by both companies. pic line www. xe. com The graph above shows that the Rand has been strengthening relative to the US dollar from 1USD10ZAR to 1USD6,3ZAR surrounded by March 2009 and May 2011. The material rand has had a favourable impact on our terms of trade as foot be seen from the self-explanatory graph below which depicts the Balance of Payments. The company analyses below reveal that SABMiller exports and imports a public figure of its brands across the world. Rainbow Chicken imports the soy component of its crybaby go wholly from Argentina.The rands strength impacts on both companies performances (and hence) their share prices favourably. pic pic Source www. resbank. co. za The federation African Environment Domestic interest rates pic Source www. resbank. co. za Th e graph above shows that the Reserve cambers stance to monetary policy has been expansionary. This is shown by the gradual crepuscle in the repo rate from 9,5% in March 2009 to its current level of 5,5% in May 2011. The Reserve Banks mandate is to keep the largeness rate within its tail end band of 3% to 6% and it uses the repo rate as the instrument with which to impact inflation.The Reserve Banks let down of the repo rate is due to the CPI breaching its pep pill target limit of 6%. This is shown in the graph below. in that location is a imperious relationship between the repo rate and CPI. It stands to reason, therefore, that the gradual lowering of the repo rate would be accompanied by a decline in the CPI rate. This is indeed the case. However, because of lags, the effect of a fall in the repo rate on the inflation rate is not reflected immediately and the CPI cadaver noteworthyly above the upper limit.A fall in the repo rate eases pressure on consumers by raising the ir disposal incomes since they, theoretically, spend less on their credit commitments. All things being equal, this would raise the gross sales volumes of SABMillers and Rainbows products. Domestic Inflation pic Source www. statssa. gov. za The graph above depicts the cut down in inflation. It is clear that although the inflation rate has been on a downward trajectory (following the lowering of the repo rate) it was in breach of the upper limit of 6% from March 2009 to Oct 2009.It was within the target band in November 2009 but breached the upper limit again between December 2009 and February 2010. The last mentioned breach is credited(predicate) to the market places inflation expectations because of the steep increase in electrical energy tariffs during this period (www. eskom. co. za). As mentioned previously, the biggest components of South Africas CPI basket are food and fuel and the graphs below will be utilise to explicate the impact of inflation on SABMillers and Rain bows performance specifically. CPI indicator pertinent to SAB Miller pic Source www. statssa. gov. za This graph shows that inflation for deluge beverages has not only been consistently higher than the upper limit of the inflation target band, it has also been significantly higher than the countrys inflation rate. This is due to the fact that a major component of the price of intoxicant is a sin tax, which is imposed by the finance ministry, because of the relatively inelastic nature of the price elasticity of penury for alcohol as well as irresponsible and excessive using up patterns.For some consumers, take down a sharp increase in the price of alcoholic beverages does not result in a fall in the quantity withdrawed. in that respect would, in all likelihood, be a shift away from the consumption of relatively more expensive alcoholic beverages towards relatively cheaper alcohol not a complete cessation in the consumption of alcohol. This is one of the reasons that SABMill ers share price has shown steady gains relative to the market. CPI indicator relevant to Rainbow Chicken pic Source www. statssa. gov. za Consumer food price inflation decelerated sharply from December 2010.It is also interesting to note, that between January 2009 and January 2010, the prices of wheat fell by 24,58%, clavus by 22,57% and sunflower seeds by 18,49% (www. finweek. co. za) Decreases in the prices of these staple foods has a arrogant impact on the poor as they spend 33,4% of their incomes on food versus the rich who spend a mere 2,6% of their incomes on food. Poor community consume relatively more chicken than red meat because the latter is relatively more expensive. Chicken is the cheapest form of protein in South Africa and demand for it is high (www. astralfoods. com).Furthermore, the above staple foods are used as chicken die hard which is a significant input cost for Rainbow Chicken, therefore the company has had cost savings because of bumper crops and the cons equent price decreases in these commodities. The table on the following page clearly accounts for the nearly vertical decline in the graph above which shows food price inflation. pic Source www. resbank. co. za gross domestic product South Africa pic pic Source www. statssa. gov. za The graphs above show that South Africa was in a recession in 2009, as defined, because of the two consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product emergence.Our recovery from the global recession was due to the fact that we had a low exposure to the sub-prime market crisis that was responsible for the global meltdown. Our banking and macroeconomic policies remain broad-shouldered. The addition in the economy from the third quarter of 2009 is also due to infrastructural investments that were make for the 2010 Soccer World Cup as well as South Africas contributions to the BRIC emergent markets bloc especially our trade with china. It is expected that our dinner gown inclusion to the BRICS n ations since April 2011 will maintain the upward(a) trend in GDP (www. lobalsherpa. org). Positive GDP growth has a positive impact on the performance of SABMillers and Rainbows shares. In a boom everyone does well. SABMiller, in particular, has a presence in all five BRICS nations and is poised for growth as emerging market economies have over taken developed economies in their contributions to global GDP. We now examine SABMillers share price in more detail and then turn our attention to Rainbow Chicken in clear-cut of the foregoing discussions on the global and local environments. Analysis of SABMiller pic SABMiller is a global operation covering 75 countries on six continents and employing over 70 000 people. Its portfolio of businesses is divided into six regions and is well balanced between developed and emerging markets. Between them, the businesses produce over 200 different brands and sell 213 billion hectoliters of lager a year. Since listing on the London Stock Exchange 10 geezerhood ago the company has grown substantially and has a market capitalisation of ZAR 419,837,700,000 on the JSE and GBP 36,099,310,000 on the LSE.The companys markets extend from developed economies such as the USA to the fast growing BRICS economies (SABMiller yearbook Report, 2009). SABMiller is also the number one bottler of soft drinks for The Coca Cola Company. The breweries market can be seen as oligopolistic in nature since SABMiller and its three main competitors (Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg) are the dominant players in the market and have significant market share amongst them.The oligopolistic market structure has a positive impact on the companys operations and share price performance. In wedlock the States, SABMiller (through its strategic partners) is the second-largest brewer in the United States and owns nearly 30% of the US beer market. In Latin America, it is the number one brewer by market share. In the majority of the ten European coun tries in which it operates, the company is the number one or number two brewer by market share. The selfsame(prenominal) holds for Africa and Asia.In the 2009 annual report Mayer Kahn, the Chairman of the Board, stated that the global brewing industry was expected to continue to consolidate and that participation in industry consolidation provides opportunities to enter growth markets and to create value from outdo benefits. The graph below shows SABMillers share price relative to its three main competitors. It is clear that all four companies trajectories have moved in tandem but Carlsbergs share price has significantly taken the lead with SABMiller in second place.At the turn of the century, the top 10 brewers accounted for just over one-third of global beer sales volumes. The past hug drug has seen a rapid consolidation, resulting in the top four brewers Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, Heineken and Carlsberg accounting for approximately 50% of beer sales volumes and up to 75% of the global profit pool. (SABMiller annual Report, 2010) pic Source www. heineken. com Mr Kahn attributes the companys devout results (in both 2009 and 2010) to the operational strengths of the businesses and the role of their leading local brands.He concedes that even though SABMiller was not resistant to the global crisis, beer is a fairly resilient product which placed the company in a better position than many to weather the storm. He goes on to say Thanks, partly, to our long experience of emerging markets, we are used to operating to a lower place difficult conditions. If we look back ten years to our London stock market listing, it is worth remembering that the Asian specie crisis at that time had shaken investor confidence in emerging markets and that the anticipation was far from encouraging.Nevertheless, we prospered and grew and achieved the international expansion that our listing was intended to facilitate. Ten years on, our geographic spread is proving to b e an advantage in that different countries are affected by the crisis at different rates and to differing degrees. So season demand in Europe has dropped sharply, countries in emerging markets such as Africa and Asia have fared relatively well despite falling back from the high one might say unsustainable rates of growth of recent years. SABMiller yearly Report, 2009In short, SABMillers diverse spread of businesses, strong market positions, and a portfolio of leading brands mitigated against the risks and negative consequences of the global downturn and contributed to the steady upward momentum in the share price. In response to the mismatch between the return of, and demand for, certain brewing and packaging raw materials in Africa, the company is increasingly using locally grown crops such as sorghum and cassava to produce affordable brands. This is done to minimise supply shortages and the price volatility of key raw material inputs.Continued robust pricing and productivity enhancements offset increase commodity costs (SABMiller one-year Report, 2010). It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the combination of the above factors resulted in a steady upward trend in the companys share prices on both the London and Johannesburg bourses in the period under review as seen in the graphs below. picpic Source www. sabmiller. com In 2010, Mr Kahn had similar good peeleds for investors, citing the same reasons as for 2009. However he mentions the companys management ag root word as being a key contributor to the positive results This year, in addition, we have benefited from managements ability to reduce costs and selectively increase prices in order to maximise revenues Source SABMiller one-year Report, 2010 In the third paragraph of our Executive Summary, we mentioned that the management of any company is not responsible for the share price. However, in fulfilling its primary objective of maximising shareowner value, the credibility of and strategies emp loyed by management invariably have an impact on the share price. It would appear that the management and directorship of SABMiller are market-friendly.The members of the executive squad are representative of each of the continents in which the company operates with Mr Cyril Ramaphosa and Dr Dambisa Moyo as the renowned representatives for Africa. Other market-friendly strategies take the December 2009 announcement that 8. 45% of the shares in SABMillers South African foot soldier, The South African Breweries Ltd (SAB), would be placed under Black ownership as part of its commitment to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa. This transaction created 40,000 new shareholders among SAB employees and qualifying retailers.The smoke also created a charitable foundation that holds 18% of the shares that were issued under the transaction. The dividend income will be used for the benefit of the wider South African community (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). The company al so capitalised on the strength of emerging markets (particularly in China and Africa) by channeling its growth strategies to these markets. Globally, the beer market grew by 1. 5% in 2010, light-emitting diode by a continuing strong performance in Asia, Africa and Latin America. China grew by 6. 5%, Africa by 3. 1% and Latin America by almost 3%.Western Europe continued the trend of declining beer volumes, driven by a shift in consumption to other beverages and the decline of on-premise consumption. Source SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the 2010 financial year the company acquired four new breweries in China, invested in new breweries in Tanzania, Mozambique, Angola and grey Sudan and carried out expansions and upgrades in Uganda and Zambia. The trends in the graphs depicting SABMillers share price on both the London and Johannesburg Securities Exchanges (given above) require no however explanation.With good management being both a contributory factor to and a consequence of th e shares strong performance, it is reasonable to conclude that the positive momentum will continue. pic Analysis of Rainbow Chicken pic Rainbow Chicken particular(a) is the largest mainframe and marketer of chicken in South Africa. It is a fully coordinated broiler producer that breeds and rears its own livestock which it feeds from its own feed mills. Rainbow processes, distributes and markets fresh, frozen, value-added and further-processed chicken. The company has a market capitalisation of ZAR 6 124 893 000 009 was a very challenging year for the South African poultry industry, both locally and globally. The local chicken industry was negatively impacted by the fall in demand due to the recession. An oversupply by local producers and increased imports due to the strong rand also added to the industrys woes. These difficult market conditions were a further test of Rainbows differentiated brand strategy, which through its foodservice and consumer brands, seeks more consistent, paid and sustainable business (Rainbow Chicken Annual Report, 2009). Despite these challenges, Rainbow managed to deliver an bankable overall performance.Positive performance, like a rally in the share price, is a function of several variables and while we can make inferences somewhat the correlation between the two, we make no such inferences about their causality. uniform SABMiller, Rainbows Black Economic Empowerment transaction (which was concluded in July 2008) was market-friendly and boosted the companys share price. Rainbow provided vendor financing for a 15% equity stake that was issued to a consortium that was constituted by its employees, Imbewu Consortium, Ikamva Labantu, and Mrs M Nhlanhla, a non-executive director. The BBBEE transaction resulted in the share price rallying from R12. 0 to R16. 80 in the latter period of the second quarter of the 2009 financial year as shown in the graph on the following page. 2010 was an evenly challenging year for Rainbow but its e ffects were mitigated by South Africas steady recovery from the recession, a lower interest rate and inflationary environment. Maize prices declined since their peak in July 2008. The global financial crisis caused a dramatic decrease in the demand for maize, improving the previously dangerously low US and global maize stock situations to such an extent that international prices fell sharply from their record levels. Rainbow Chicken, Annual Report, 2010). The fall in maize prices, which is a major component in chicken feed, resulted in a reduction in the companys input costs which boosted the bottom line. Local producers added significant toil capacity for wheat, grain and soy over the past five years. Rainbow imports the soya component of its chicken feed from Argentina and it has a significant FOREX exposure. The strong rand, however, in the period under review, has been in the companys favour. The companys 2010 annual report reflected acceptable profit margins.In both 2009 and d uring 2010, the companys share price maintained its upward momentum as reflected in the graph below. pic Key Features Rainbow Chicken Share Price Year Low broad(prenominal) 2009 11500 16800 2010 15900 16900 The graph and table above confirm the findings in the preceding paragraphs. Although the contrast between the years highest share prices is negligible, South Africas economic recovery whitethorn be gleaned from the fact that the lowest share price for 2010 was 4400c above the 2009 low. Consumers disposable incomes were higher in 2010 because of falling interest and inflation rates. Falling input costs and increased consumer demand increased the appetite for the companys shares as investors expectations of earning better returns were supported.Other events that lead to sharp movements in the companys share price include the markets speculative expectations immediately prior to the announcement of the groups 2009 results. After the results were announced, the share price dro pped to R13. 90 because of the 39. 6% decline in headline earnings. The reason for this decline in earnings can be attributed to the companys policy of buying feed products forward. The share price stabilised for the remainder of 2010 due to an increase in the mint of families that joined the ranks of South Africas middle class.As the middle class grows in size, so the taste of chicken diversifies allowing entrepreneurs to come up with new ways of marketing chicken to end consumers. We now turn our attention to Rainbows competitor, Astral Foods, to get a better idea of the South African poultry industry before making conclusions about how justifiable a continued rally in Rainbows share price is. Astral Foods is Rainbow Chickens nearest competitor. The company holds investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies.Its primary activities are fleshly feed pre-mixes, the manufacturing of animal feeds, broiler genetics, the production and sale of day-old broiler chicks and hatchin g eggs, integrated breeder and broiler production operations, abattoirs and the sale and distribution of various key poultry brands. Its current market capitalisation is R5,5 bn (www. moneyweb. co. za) Despite a 5% drop in sales volumes, revenue for Astral Foods poultry division increased by 13% for the 2009 financial year. (Astral Foods Annual Report, 2009).The market was neutral about the appointment of Chris Schutte as the Chief Executive Officer, effective 1 May 2009. The share price was also not responsive to the appointment of Daan Ferreira as the Financial Director. This may be because it was not perceived to be mindful of BBBEE. The improvement in Astral Foods revenue for the 2010 period was largely attributable to a free burning growth in volume. The volume growth was on the back of improve production results supported by better poultry health status. downcast consumer spending, together with higher levels of imports and high local stock levels, contributed to vigorous pro motional activity with prices at levels below historical levels. Reduced feeding costs during the period countered the effects of lower poultry selling prices. A extended period of industrial action at Earlybird Standerton negatively impacted the companys share performance. (Astral Foods Annual Report 2010) pic The graph above shows the steady upward trend in Astral Foods share price.Not surprisingly, it follows a similar pattern to Rainbow Chickens share price with enounce sell-offs in the first and second quarters of 2009 and improvements thereafter. This pattern provides comfort because of the consistence of both companys responsiveness to events in the poultry industry. It would be concerning if the companies had different trajectories. The consensus amongst analysts is that the South African poultry industry is poised for significant growth given that the price of chicken has risen by 30 per cent year-on-year while the cost of feed has come down.We anticipate that Rai nbows share price will maintain its upward trend. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Astral Foods Limited Annual Report, 2009. www. astralfoods. com 2. EIA Independent Statistics and Analysis, US Energy Information Administration, www. eia. doe. gov 3. www. eskom. co. za 4. www. finweek. co. za/Economy/Food-inflation-still-a-concern-20100301 5. www. globalsherpa. org/china-africa-brics 6. www. heineken. com 7. www. moneyweb. o. za 8. Rainbow Chicken Limited Annual Report, 2009 and 2010, www. rainbowchicken. co. za 9. Reserve Bank Quarterly Bulletin March 2011,www. resbank. co. za 10. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2009, www. sabmiller. com 11. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2010, www. sabmiller. com 12. Statistics South Africa, Statistical release P0141, www. statssa. gov. za 13. www. xe. com pic &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Economics naming 2011 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY / COMPETITORS COMPANY allocate PRICE